Nancy Moline – Improving Diabetes Management: Tools for the Nurse

Nancy Moline – Improving Diabetes Management: Tools for the Nurse

• Strategies to Reduce the Incidence of Hypo & Hyperglycemia in the Acute Patient
• Critical Interventions for the Patient in Crisis
• Treating Special Populations: Easy to Use Formulas
• The Importance of Dosing & Timing
• Tips & Tools You Can Put into Practice the Next Day

Until recently, glucose control in the hospital setting was largely ignored even in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes. We didn’t realize 1 out of every 3 patients we were caring for was potentially suffering the consequences of uncontrolled hyperglycemia and, worse, these unknown patients were experiencing higher mortality rates after discharge. Bottom line, we MUST do better and you, the bedside nurse, play a critical role in identifying and managing your hypo and hyperglycemic patients.

This seminar will address issues you face in the hospital and give answers to questions you won’t find in any textbook. Imagine being able to look at a single flowsheet and understand exactly why your patient continues to experience hypoglycemia, or persistent hyperglycemia. Expert, Nancy Moline, RN, M.Ed., CDE, will share with you the management techniques and tips she has developed through her extensive experience and increase your understanding of the complexities of diabetes. You will leave this seminar with new tools and formulas to improve the outcomes of your patients with and without diabetes diagnosis.

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OUTLINE

Glycemic Targets for Hospitalized Patients

• Clear interpretation of AACE & ADA guidelines
• Adjusting limits for the critically ill patient
• Non-critical patients: How high is too high

Recognizing Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

• Hypoglycemic unawareness: How are we missing this?
• Interventions that change outcomes
• 15/15 Rule
• Timing and Dose: The good, the bad, the ugly
  • IV dextrose
  • Glucagon

Reducing Incidence of Hypoglycemia

• Finger sticks & technique – it does matter!
• Critical timing for pre-meal & correction insulin
• The nurse’s role in ensuring carbohydrate-consistent meals

Symptoms & Critical Interventions for Hyperglycemia

• The differences of DKA & HHNK
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • A complex metabolic process
  • Identifying the patient at risk
  • Managing fluid replacement to avoid complications
  • Insulin drips
  • Critical labs & acute management
• Nursing Management of HHNK
  • Identifying the symptoms
  • Don’t forget your ABCs
  • Common laboratory pitfalls
  • Restoring electrolyte balance

Consequences of Acute Hyperglycemia

• Addressing & managing new wound infections
• The dangers of:
  • Platelet abnormalities
  • Inflammatory cytokine response
• The patient & the facility at risk:
  • Poor patient outcomes
  • Readmissions
  • Increased length of stay
• Insulin resistance

Treating Special Populations Using a Simple Formula

• The patient newly prescribed steroids
• Adjusting for tube feedings
• TPN: Understanding the effects for the diabetic patient
• Considerations for patients on R-U-500 insulin

Insulin for Improved Glucose Control

• Type 1 vs. Type 2 guidelines
• Action times of insulins
• Calculating Basal/ Bolus Insulin
• Miami 4/12 Rule
• Correction scales based on insulin sensitivity

Oral Agents in the Hospital Setting

• NPO vs eating status
• Precautions for Metformin

Safety Issues with Managing Insulin Pumps

• Patient exclusion criteria
• Recognizing pump problems
• When to remove pumps

System Improvements Positively Impacting Patient Outcomes

• Standardized correction scales based on insulin sensitivity
• Standard protocols for treating hypoglycemia
• Physician order sets for insulin initiation
• Carbohydrate labels on meal trays/snacks

Putting It All Together

• Case Studies: What went right and what went wrong
• Solving problems using the glucose accordion flowsheet report

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OBJECTIVES

1. Breakdown glycemic targets for the hospitalized patient
2. Detect symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia
3. Communicate metabolic consequences of acute hyperglycemia
4. Utilize a standardized approach to managing glucose in patients on steroids, tube feedings and TPN
5. Calculate basal/ bolus (prandial) insulin dosing to achieve optimal glucose control
6. Formulate 2 ways the bedside nurse can reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia in the hospital
7. Analyze the use of oral agents in the hospital setting
8. Assess safety issues with using insulin pumps in the acute care setting
9. Communicate 2 system improvements that positively impact patient outcomes

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